Jan 08, 2009 Thursday 06:57:30 Introduction Food & Nutrition Food-borne Diseases & Infections Antimicrobial Resistance Diet & Weight Control Food Safety Search Related Sites: Health Resources Health Topics AIDS Primer Cancer Resources Heart Diseases & Stroke Science & Technology Reference Desk Treasures of the Internet Sponsored by: Innovative BiomedicaLAB

Nematodes & Foodborne Infections Visit the health and science-focused Search engines and directories section to find additional information about the topics listed below. Please use suggested browser and monitor settings for better viewing. Fascioliasis see Fasciola Infection (Fasciola hepatica)2 Causal Agent: The trematodes Fasciola hepatica (the sheep liver fluke) and Fasciola gigantica, parasites of herbivores that can infect humans accidentally. Geographic Distribution: Fascioliasis occurs worldwide. Human infections with F. hepatica are found in areas where sheep and cattle are raised, and where humans consume raw watercress, including Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Infections with F. gigantica have been reported, more rarely, in Asia, Africa, and Hawaii. Fasciolopsis Infection2 Causal Agent: The trematode Fasciolopsis buski, the largest intestinal fluke of humans. Geographic Distribution: Asia and the Indian subcontinent, especially in areas where humans raise pigs and consume freshwater plants. Gnathostomiasis2 Causal Agent and Infection Mode: The nematode (roundworm) Gnathostoma spinigerum, which infects vertebrate animals. Human gnathostomiasis is due to migrating immature worms. Humans become infected by eating undercooked fish or poultry containing L3s, or reportedly by drinking water containing L2-infected Cyclops. Heterophyes Infection2 Causal Agent and Infection Mode: The trematode Heterophyes heterophyes, a minute intestinal fluke. The definitive host becomes infected by ingesting undercooked or salted fish containing metacercariae. Opisthorcis Infection (Opisthorchis viverrini) 2 Causal Agent and Infection Mode: Trematodes (flukes) Opisthorchis viverrini (Southeast Asian liver fluke) and O. felineus (cat liver fluke). The mammalian definitive host (cats, dogs, and various fish-eating mammals including humans) become infected by ingesting undercooked fish containing metacercariae. Paragonimus Infection2 Causal Agent: More than 30 species of trematodes (flukes) of the genus Paragonimus have been reported which infect animals and humans. Human infection with P. westermani occurs by eating inadequately cooked or pickled crab or crayfish that harbor metacercariae of the parasite. Trichuriasis (Whipworm infection)2 Causal Agent and Infection Mode: The nematode (roundworm) Trichuris trichiura, also called the human whipworm. After ingestion from soil-contaminated hands or food. ___________ Notes and Footnotes: Click on Literature Sources to access the source of the information database, specified as superscript after each health topic link.

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First Written: 19990118 Latest Update: 20060328

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